10/6/2021 update

1092.shortest-common-supersequence.cpp

+/*
+ * @lc app=leetcode id=1092 lang=cpp
+ *
+ * [1092] Shortest Common Supersequence 
+ */
+
+// @lc code=start
+class Solution
+{
+public:
+    string shortestCommonSupersequence(string str1, string str2)
+    {
+    }
+};
+// @lc code=end

1143.longest-common-subsequence.cpp

+/*
+ * @lc app=leetcode id=1143 lang=cpp
+ *
+ * [1143] Longest Common Subsequence
+ */
+
+// @lc code=start
+class Solution
+{
+public:
+    int longestCommonSubsequence(string text1, string text2)
+    {
+        const int n = text1.size();
+        const int m = text2.size();
+        text1 = '#' + text1;
+        text2 = '#' + text2;
+        vector<vector<int>> dp(n + 1, vector<int>(m + 1, 0));
+
+        for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i)
+        {
+            for (int j = 1; j <= m; ++j)
+            {
+                if (text1[i] == text2[j])
+                {
+                    dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j - 1] + 1;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    dp[i][j] = max(dp[i - 1][j], dp[i][j - 1]);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return dp[n][m];
+    }
+};
+
+// abcde
+// ace
+// LCS: ace = 3
+
+// #abc
+// #abc
+//
+// 0 1 1 1
+// 0 1 2 2
+// 0 1 2 3
+// 0 1 2 3
+
+// define
+// dp[i][j] -> the LCS for [0:i] & [0:j] of two given string
+
+// @lc code=end

121.best-time-to-buy-and-sell-stock.cpp

+/*
+ * @lc app=leetcode id=121 lang=cpp
+ *
+ * [121] Best Time to Buy and Sell Stock
+ */
+
+// @lc code=start
+class Solution
+{
+public:
+    int maxProfit(vector<int> &prices)
+    {
+        const int n = prices.size();
+        int hold = INT_MIN;
+        int sold = 0;
+        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
+        {
+            int old_hold = hold;
+            int old_sold = sold;
+            hold = max(old_hold, -prices[i]);
+            sold = max(old_hold + prices[i], old_sold);
+        }
+
+        return max(hold, sold);
+    }
+};
+// @lc code=end
+
+// prices = [7,1,5,3,6,4]
+//
+// define states:
+// 0-> holding max
+// 1-> sold max
+
+// dp[i][sold] = max{dp[i-1][hold] + price, dp[i-1][sold]}
+// dp[i][hold] = max{dp[i-1][hold], -price}
+// i = 0 i = 1
+//
+//
+//
\ No newline at end of file

1284.minimum-number-of-flips-to-convert-binary-matrix-to-zero-matrix.cpp

+/*
+ * @lc app=leetcode id=1284 lang=cpp
+ *
+ * [1284] Minimum Number of Flips to Convert Binary Matrix to Zero Matrix
+ */
+
+// @lc code=start
+class Solution
+{
+    int m, n;
+
+public:
+    int minFlips(vector<vector<int>> &mat)
+    {
+        m = mat.size();
+        n = mat[0].size();
+        int res = INT_MAX;
+
+        for (int state = 0; state < (1 << (m * n)); state++)
+        {
+            if (check(mat, state))
+                res = min(res, (int)bitset<9>(state).count());
+        }
+        if (res == INT_MAX)
+            return -1;
+        else
+            return res;
+    }
+
+    bool check(vector<vector<int>> &mat, int state)
+    {
+        auto temp = mat;
+        auto dir = vector<pair<int, int>>({{0, 1}, {0, -1}, {1, 0}, {-1, 0}, {0, 0}});
+
+        for (int s = 0; s < (m * n); s++)
+        {
+            int t = state % 2;
+            state /= 2;
+            if (t == 0)
+                continue;
+
+            int i = s / n;
+            int j = s % n;
+
+            for (int k = 0; k < 5; k++)
+            {
+                int x = i + dir[k].first;
+                int y = j + dir[k].second;
+                if (x < 0 || x >= m || y < 0 || y >= n)
+                    continue;
+                temp[x][y] = 1 - temp[x][y];
+            }
+        }
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < m; i++)
+            for (int j = 0; j < n; j++)
+                if (temp[i][j] != 0)
+                    return false;
+        return true;
+    }
+};
+// @lc code=end

1326.minimum-number-of-taps-to-open-to-water-a-garden.cpp

+/*
+ * @lc app=leetcode id=1326 lang=cpp
+ *
+ * [1326] Minimum Number of Taps to Open to Water a Garden
+ */
+
+// @lc code=start
+class Solution
+{
+public:
+    static bool myComp(array<int, 2> &a, array<int, 2> &b)
+    {
+        if (a[0] != b[0])
+            return a[0] < b[0];
+        else
+            return a[1] > b[1];
+    }
+
+    int minTaps(int n, vector<int> &ranges)
+    {
+        vector<array<int, 2>> intervals(n + 1);
+
+        for (int i = 0; i <= n; ++i)
+        {
+            intervals[i] = {i - ranges[i], i + ranges[i]};
+        }
+
+        sort(intervals.begin(), intervals.end(), myComp);
+
+        if (intervals[0][0] > 0)
+            return -1;
+
+        int res = 0;
+        int far = 0;
+        int i = 0;
+        while (i < intervals.size())
+        {
+            res++;
+            int nextFar = far;
+            while (i < intervals.size() && intervals[i][0] <= far)
+            {
+                nextFar = max(nextFar, intervals[i][1]);
+                ++i;
+            }
+            if (nextFar >= n)
+                return res;
+
+            if (nextFar == far)
+                return -1;
+
+            far = nextFar;
+        }
+
+        return -1;
+    }
+};
+// @lc code=end

174.dungeon-game.cpp

+/*
+ * @lc app=leetcode id=174 lang=cpp
+ *
+ * [174] Dungeon Game
+ */
+
+// @lc code=start
+class Solution
+{
+public:
+    int calculateMinimumHP(vector<vector<int>> &dungeon)
+    {
+        //* core: 反向逆推
+        const int n = dungeon.size();
+        const int m = dungeon[0].size();
+        // dp[i][j] -> min hp to be alive after eat the curr
+        vector<vector<int>> dp(n, vector<int>(m, 1));
+
+        for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; --i)
+        {
+            for (int j = m - 1; j >= 0; --j)
+            {
+                // alive at most bottom-right
+                if (i == n - 1 && j == m - 1)
+                {
+                    dp[i][j] = 1; // need at least one blood to be alive
+                }
+                else if (i == n - 1)
+                {
+                    dp[i][j] = dp[i][j + 1] - dungeon[i][j + 1];
+                }
+                else if (j == m - 1)
+                {
+                    dp[i][j] = dp[i + 1][j] - dungeon[i + 1][j];
+                }
+                else //gernal case
+                {
+                    dp[i][j] = min(dp[i][j + 1] - dungeon[i][j + 1],
+                                   dp[i + 1][j] - dungeon[i + 1][j]);
+                }
+                dp[i][j] = max(1, dp[i][j]); //* any time, must be alive
+            }
+        }
+
+        // the first one need to be eaten
+        dp[0][0] = dp[0][0] - dungeon[0][0];
+        dp[0][0] = max(dp[0][0], 1);
+
+        return dp[0][0];
+    }
+};
+// @lc code=end

290.word-pattern.cpp

+/*
+ * @lc app=leetcode id=290 lang=cpp
+ *
+ * [290] Word Pattern
+ */
+
+// @lc code=start
+class Solution
+{
+public:
+    bool wordPattern(string pattern, string s)
+    {
+        unordered_map<char, string> map1;
+        unordered_map<string, char> map2;
+        stringstream ss(s);
+        int i = 0;
+        string next;
+        while (ss >> next)
+        {
+            if (i > pattern.size())
+                return false;
+
+            if (map1.find(pattern[i]) != map1.end())
+            {
+                if (next != map1[pattern[i]])
+                    return false;
+            }
+            else if (map2.find(next) != map2.end())
+            {
+                if (pattern[i] != map2[next])
+                    return false;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                map1[pattern[i]] = next;
+                map2[next] = pattern[i];
+            }
+
+            ++i;
+        }
+
+        if (i != pattern.size())
+            return false;
+
+        return true;
+    }
+};
+// @lc code=end

300.longest-increasing-subsequence.cpp

+/*
+ * @lc app=leetcode id=300 lang=cpp
+ *
+ * [300] Longest Increasing Subsequence
+ */
+
+// @lc code=start
+class Solution
+{
+public:
+    int lengthOfLIS(vector<int> &nums)
+    {
+        // save by dp: O(n^2), can be better(O(nlogn))
+        const int n = nums.size();
+        vector<int> dp(n, 1); //any seq must has length >= 1 (itself)
+        for (int i = 1; i < n; ++i)
+        {
+            for (int j = 0; j < i; ++j)
+            {
+                if (nums[j] < nums[i])
+                    dp[i] = max(dp[j] + 1, dp[i]);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return *max_element(dp.begin(), dp.end());
+    }
+};
+// @lc code=endS
+// a seq is derived from an array from by adding/ deleting ...
+// nums = [10,9,2,5,3,7,101,18]
+// [2,3,7,101] -> length of 4
+// ith turn, find j in [0...i-1] that is longest but less than nums[i]
+//
\ No newline at end of file

442.find-all-duplicates-in-an-array.cpp

+/*
+ * @lc app=leetcode id=442 lang=cpp
+ *
+ * [442] Find All Duplicates in an Array
+ */
+
+// @lc code=start
+class Solution
+{
+public:
+    vector<int> findDuplicates(vector<int> &nums)
+    {
+        //* indexing sort useful when:
+        //* 1. <= vals <= n && nums.length == n
+        //* 2. find missing or duplicate, etc
+
+        //* main idea:
+        //* sort val i to nums[i] as much as possible
+        int n = nums.size();
+        nums.insert(nums.begin(), 0);
+        vector<int> res;
+
+        for (int i = 1; i < nums.size(); ++i)
+        {
+            while (nums[i] != i &&
+                   nums[nums[i]] != nums[i])
+            {
+                swap(nums[i], nums[nums[i]]);
+            }
+        } //for
+
+        for (int i = 1; i < nums.size(); ++i)
+        {
+            if (nums[i] != i)
+                res.push_back(nums[i]);
+        }
+
+        return res;
+    }
+};
+// @lc code=end

463.island-perimeter.cpp

+/*
+ * @lc app=leetcode id=463 lang=cpp
+ *
+ * [463] Island Perimeter
+ */
+
+// @lc code=start
+class Solution
+{
+public:
+    int islandPerimeter(vector<vector<int>> &grid)
+    {
+        const int n = grid.size();
+        const int m = grid[0].size();
+        vector<vector<int>> cnt(n, vector<int>(m, 0));
+        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
+        {
+            for (int j = 0; j < m; ++j)
+            {
+                if (grid[i][j] == 1)
+                {
+                    if (i != 0 && grid[i - 1][j] == 1)
+                        cnt[i][j]++;
+                    if (i != n - 1 && grid[i + 1][j] == 1)
+                        cnt[i][j]++;
+                    if (j != 0 && grid[i][j - 1] == 1)
+                        cnt[i][j]++;
+                    if (j != m - 1 && grid[i][j + 1] == 1)
+                        cnt[i][j]++;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        int res = 0;
+        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
+        {
+            for (int j = 0; j < m; ++j)
+            {
+                if (grid[i][j] == 1)
+                    res += (4 - cnt[i][j]);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return res;
+    }
+};
+// @lc code=end
+
+//
\ No newline at end of file

547.number-of-provinces.cpp

+/*
+ * @lc app=leetcode id=547 lang=cpp
+ *
+ * [547] Number of Provinces
+ */
+
+// @lc code=start
+class Solution
+{
+    // 各自的爸爸
+    unordered_map<int, int> father; // {son i, father of i}
+public:
+    int findCircleNum(vector<vector<int>> &isConnected)
+    {
+        //* 此题是 union find 中最经典的应用
+        //* 务必多复习
+
+        const int n = isConnected.size();
+
+        // 1. initialze each to be the father of their own
+        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
+            father[i] = i;
+
+        //2. 遍历 adj matrix 中每个相连关系
+        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
+        {
+            for (int j = 0; j < n; ++j)
+            {
+                // if i, j connected
+                if (i != j && isConnected[i][j])
+                    if (findFather(i) != findFather(j))
+                        union2Grps(i, j);
+            } //for
+        }     //for
+
+        unordered_set<int> ancestors;
+        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
+        {
+            father[i] = findFather(i);
+            ancestors.insert(father[i]);
+        }
+
+        return ancestors.size();
+    }
+
+    //* find the ancestor of x + path compression
+    int findFather(int x)
+    {
+        if (father[x] == x)
+            return father[x];
+
+        // 如果我自己不是我自己的祖先
+        // 我爸爸祖先就是我的祖先
+        // * path compression
+        father[x] = findFather(father[x]);
+        return father[x];
+    }
+
+    //* union two group together via edge(i,j)
+    void union2Grps(int i, int j)
+    {
+        i = findFather(i);
+        j = findFather(j);
+        if (i <= j)
+            father[j] = i;
+        else
+            father[i] = j;
+    }
+};
+// @lc code=end

673.number-of-longest-increasing-subsequence.cpp

+/*
+ * @lc app=leetcode id=673 lang=cpp
+ *
+ * [673] Number of Longest Increasing Subsequence
+ */
+
+// @lc code=start
+class Solution
+{
+public:
+    int findNumberOfLIS(vector<int> &nums)
+    {
+        const int n = nums.size();
+        //{dp[i] = {length of LIS by i}}
+        vector<int> dp(n, 1);
+        vector<int> times(n, 1); // ways to reach ith point
+
+        for (int i = 1; i < n; ++i)
+        {
+            int maxNum = 1;
+            for (int j = 0; j < i; j++)
+            {
+                if (nums[i] > nums[j])
+                {
+                    if (dp[j] + 1 > dp[i]) // if len increased
+                    {
+                        dp[i] = dp[j] + 1;
+                        maxNum = times[j];
+                    }
+                    //if len unchanged and other j match this curr max length
+                    else if (dp[j] + 1 == dp[i])
+                    {
+                        maxNum += times[j]; // accumuate the times to reach there
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            // update len and times
+            times[i] = maxNum;
+        }
+
+        int maxLen = 1;
+        int maxNum = 0;
+        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
+        {
+            if (dp[i] > maxLen)
+            {
+                maxLen = dp[i];
+                maxNum = times[i];
+            }
+            else if (dp[i] == maxLen)
+                maxNum += times[i];
+        }
+
+        return maxNum;
+    }
+};
+// @lc code=end
+// return the number of LIS
+//  [1, 3, 5, 4, 7]
+//         i
+//   j
+//dp 1  2  3  1  1
+//ti 1  1  1  1  1
+
+// 1-> 3-> 4 ->7
+// 1-> 3-> 5-> 7
+//2 ways to get 7
+// also record how many ways to reach this pt?

70.climbing-stairs.cpp

+/*
+ * @lc app=leetcode id=70 lang=cpp
+ *
+ * [70] Climbing Stairs
+ */
+
+